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This was a community contributed guide from the Github Wiki prior to docs migration. I've rewritten it by restructuring the content, introducing numerical steps and revising some of the content, while removing third-party software that was unnecessary (the original authors and content related to their use-case, Moodle). See the PR for further details and reference links regarding the original documents history. The PR provides improved diff via separate commits scoping changes at the correct change bounds, unfortunately the full diff doesn't align to those boundaries well making it more difficult to review vs individual commits.
152 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
152 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 'Tutorials | Basic Installation'
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---
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## Setting up a Simple Mail-Server
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This is a community contributed guide. Please let us know via a Github Issue if you're having any difficulty following the guide so that we can update it.
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This guide is focused on only using [SMTP ports (not POP3 and IMAP)][docs-ports] with the intent to send received mail to another MTA service such as _Gmail_. It is not intended to have a MUA client (_eg: Thunderbird_) to retrieve mail directly from `docker-mailserver` via POP3/IMAP.
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In this setup `docker-mailserver` is not intended to receive email externally, so no anti-spam or anti-virus software is needed, making the service lighter to run.
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!!! warning "Open Relays"
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Adding the docker network's gateway to the list of trusted hosts (_eg: using the `network` or `connected-networks` option_), can create an [**open relay**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mail_relay). For instance [if IPv6 is enabled on the host machine, but not in Docker][github-issue-1405-comment].
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1. If you're running a version of `docker-mailserver` earlier than v10.2, [you'll need to get `setup.sh`][docs-setup-script]. Otherwise you can substitute `./setup.sh <command>` with `docker exec mailserver setup <command>`.
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2. Pull the docker image: `docker pull docker.io/mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest`.
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3. Create the file `docker-compose.yml` with a content like this:
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!!! example
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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mailserver:
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image: docker.io/mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest
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container_name: mailserver
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hostname: mail
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# Change this to your domain, it is used for your email accounts (eg: user@example.com):
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domainname: example.com
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ports:
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- "25:25"
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- "587:587"
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- "465:465"
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volumes:
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- ./docker-data/dms/mail-data/:/var/mail/
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- ./docker-data/dms/mail-state/:/var/mail-state/
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- ./docker-data/dms/mail-logs/:/var/log/mail/
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- ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/
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# The "from" path will vary based on where your certs are locally:
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- ./docker-data/nginx-proxy/certs/:/etc/letsencrypt/
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- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
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environment:
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- ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=1
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# Using letsencrypt for SSL/TLS certificates
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- SSL_TYPE=letsencrypt
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# Allow sending emails from other docker containers
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# Beware creating an Open Relay: https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/edge/config/environment/#permit_docker
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- PERMIT_DOCKER=network
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# All env below are default settings:
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- DMS_DEBUG=0
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- ONE_DIR=1
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- ENABLE_POSTGREY=0
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- ENABLE_CLAMAV=0
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- ENABLE_SPAMASSASSIN=0
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# You may want to enable this: https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/edge/config/environment/#spoof_protection
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# See step 8 below, which demonstrates setup with enabled/disabled SPOOF_PROTECTION:
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- SPOOF_PROTECTION=0
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cap_add:
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- NET_ADMIN # For Fail2Ban to work
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- SYS_PTRACE
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```
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- The docs have a detailed page on [Environment Variables][docs-environment] for reference.
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!!! note "Firewalled ports"
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You may need to open ports `25`, `587` and `465` on the firewall. For example, with the firewall `ufw`, run:
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```sh
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ufw allow 25
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ufw allow 587
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ufw allow 465
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```
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4. Configure your DNS service to use an MX record for the _hostname_ (eg: `mail`) you configured in the previous step and add the [SPF][docs-spf] TXT record.
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If you manually manage the DNS zone file for the domain, it would look something like this:
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```txt
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mail IN A 10.11.12.13
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; mail-server for example.com
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3600 IN MX 1 mail.example.com.
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; Add SPF record
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IN TXT "v=spf1 mx ~all"
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```
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Then don't forget to change the serial number and to restart the service.
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5. [Generate DKIM keys][docs-dkim] for your domain via `./setup.sh config dkim`.
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Copy the content of the file `docker-data/dms/config/opendkim/keys/example.com/mail.txt` and add it to your DNS records as a TXT like SPF was handled above.
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I use [bind9](https://github.com/docker-scripts/bind9) for managing my domains, so I just paste it on `example.com.db`:
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```txt
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mail._domainkey IN TXT ( "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; "
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"p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFACAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAaH5KuPYPSF3Ppkt466BDMAFGOA4mgqn4oPjZ5BbFlYA9l5jU3bgzRj3l6/Q1n5a9lQs5fNZ7A/HtY0aMvs3nGE4oi+LTejt1jblMhV/OfJyRCunQBIGp0s8G9kIUBzyKJpDayk2+KJSJt/lxL9Iiy0DE5hIv62ZPP6AaTdHBAsJosLFeAzuLFHQ6USyQRojefqFQtgYqWQ2JiZQ3"
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"iqq3bD/BVlwKRp5gH6TEYEmx8EBJUuDxrJhkWRUk2VDl1fqhVBy8A9O7Ah+85nMrlOHIFsTaYo9o6+cDJ6t1i6G1gu+bZD0d3/3bqGLPBQV9LyEL1Rona5V7TJBGg099NQkTz1IwIDAQAB" ) ; ----- DKIM key mail for example.com
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```
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6. Get an SSL certificate, [we have a guide for you here][docs-ssl] (_Let's Encrypt_ is a popular service to get free SSL certificates).
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7. Start `docker-mailserver` and check the terminal output for any errors: `docker-compose up`.
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8. Create email accounts and aliases:
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!!! example "With `SPOOF_PROTECTION=0`"
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```sh
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./setup.sh email add admin@example.com passwd123
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./setup.sh email add info@example.com passwd123
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./setup.sh alias add admin@example.com external-account@gmail.com
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./setup.sh alias add info@example.com external-account@gmail.com
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./setup.sh email list
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./setup.sh alias list
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```
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Aliases make sure that any email that comes to these accounts is forwarded to your third-party email address (`external-account@gmail.com`), where they are retrieved (_eg: via third-party web or mobile app_), instead of connecting directly to `docker-mailserer` with POP3 / IMAP.
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!!! example "With `SPOOF_PROTECTION=1`"
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```sh
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./setup.sh email add admin.gmail@example.com passwd123
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./setup.sh email add info.gmail@example.com passwd123
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./setup.sh alias add admin@example.com admin.gmail@example.com
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./setup.sh alias add info@example.com info.gmail@example.com
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./setup.sh alias add admin.gmail@example.com external-account@gmail.com
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./setup.sh alias add info.gmail@example.com external-account@gmail.com
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./setup.sh email list
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./setup.sh alias list
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```
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This extra step is required to avoid the `553 5.7.1 Sender address rejected: not owned by user` error (_the accounts used for submitting mail to Gmail are `admin.gmail@example.com` and `info.gmail@example.com`_)
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9. Send some test emails to these addresses and make other tests. Once everything is working well, stop the container with `ctrl+c` and start it again as a daemon: `docker-compose up -d`.
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[docs-ports]: ../../config/security/understanding-the-ports.md
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[docs-setup-script]: ../../config/setup.sh.md
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[docs-environment]: ../../config/environment.md
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[docs-spf]: ../../config/best-practice/spf.md
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[docs-dkim]: ../../config/best-practice/dkim.md
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[docs-ssl]: ../../config/security/ssl.md#lets-encrypt-recommended
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[github-issue-1405-comment]: https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/1405#issuecomment-590106498
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