1599 lines
40 KiB
HTML
1599 lines
40 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="A fullstack but simple mail-server (SMTP, IMAP, LDAP, Antispam, Antivirus, etc.) using Docker.">
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<meta name="author" content="docker-mailserver (Github Organization)">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/latest/config/best-practices/spf/">
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<link rel="prev" href="../dmarc/">
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<title>Best Practices | SPF - Docker Mailserver</title>
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<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
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Docker Mailserver
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Best Practices | SPF
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.3.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
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</div>
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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docker-mailserver
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</div>
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</a>
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</div>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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Home
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../../introduction/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../../usage/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Usage
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../environment/" class="md-tabs__link md-tabs__link--active">
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Configuration
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Examples
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</a>
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../../faq/" class="md-tabs__link">
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FAQ
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</a>
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../../../contributing/general/" class="md-tabs__link">
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Contributing
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/mailserver/docker-mailserver/" class="md-tabs__link">
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DockerHub
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-tabs__link">
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GHCR
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
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<a href="../../.." title="Docker Mailserver" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Docker Mailserver" data-md-component="logo">
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<img src="../../../assets/logo/dmo-logo-white.min.svg" alt="logo">
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</a>
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Docker Mailserver
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</label>
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<div class="md-nav__source">
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<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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docker-mailserver
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Introduction
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Configuration
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../environment/" class="md-nav__link">
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Environment Variables
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<a href="../../user-management/" class="md-nav__link">
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Best Practices
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<a href="../dkim/" class="md-nav__link">
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DKIM
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<a href="../dmarc/" class="md-nav__link">
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DMARC
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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SPF
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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SPF
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#add-a-spf-record" class="md-nav__link">
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Add a SPF Record
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#backup-mx-secondary-mx" class="md-nav__link">
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Backup MX, Secondary MX
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../autodiscover/" class="md-nav__link">
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Auto-discovery
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</nav>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Security
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../security/understanding-the-ports/" class="md-nav__link">
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Understanding the Ports
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../security/ssl/" class="md-nav__link">
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SSL/TLS
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../security/fail2ban/" class="md-nav__link">
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Fail2Ban
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../security/mail_crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Encryption
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../security/rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
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Rspamd
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../debugging/" class="md-nav__link">
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Debugging
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../pop3/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Delivery with POP3
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../setup.sh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Your Friend setup.sh
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8" id="__nav_4_8_label" tabindex="0">
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Advanced Configuration
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Advanced Configuration
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/optional-config/" class="md-nav__link">
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Optional Configuration
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_2" id="__nav_4_8_2_label" tabindex="0">
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Maintenance
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Maintenance
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class="md-nav__link">
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Update and Cleanup
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_3" id="__nav_4_8_3_label" tabindex="0">
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Override the Default Configs
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Override the Default Configs
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class="md-nav__link">
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Dovecot
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class="md-nav__link">
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Postfix
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
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Modifications via Script
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
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LDAP Authentication
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/mail-sieve/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_7" id="__nav_4_8_7_label" tabindex="0">
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Email Forwarding
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Email Forwarding
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../advanced/mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Relay Hosts
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</a>
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<h1>SPF</h1>
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<p>From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework">Wikipedia</a>:</p>
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<div class="admonition quote">
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<p class="admonition-title">Quote</p>
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<p>Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a simple email-validation system designed to detect email spoofing by providing a mechanism to allow receiving mail exchangers to check that incoming mail from a domain comes from a host authorized by that domain's administrators. The list of authorized sending hosts for a domain is published in the Domain Name System (DNS) records for that domain in the form of a specially formatted TXT record. Email spam and phishing often use forged "from" addresses, so publishing and checking SPF records can be considered anti-spam techniques.</p>
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<h2 id="add-a-spf-record"><a class="toclink" href="#add-a-spf-record">Add a SPF Record</a></h2>
|
|
<p>To add a SPF record in your DNS, insert the following line in your DNS zone:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>; MX record must be declared for SPF to work
|
|
example.com. IN MX 1 mail.example.com.
|
|
|
|
; SPF record
|
|
example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 mx ~all"
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This enables the <em>Softfail</em> mode for SPF. You could first add this SPF record with a very low TTL.</p>
|
|
<p><em>SoftFail</em> is a good setting for getting started and testing, as it lets all email through, with spams tagged as such in the mailbox.</p>
|
|
<p>After verification, you <em>might</em> want to change your SPF record to <code>v=spf1 mx -all</code> so as to enforce the <em>HardFail</em> policy. See <a href="http://www.open-spf.org/SPF_Record_Syntax">http://www.open-spf.org/SPF_Record_Syntax</a> for more details about SPF policies.</p>
|
|
<p>In any case, increment the SPF record's TTL to its final value.</p>
|
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<h2 id="backup-mx-secondary-mx"><a class="toclink" href="#backup-mx-secondary-mx">Backup MX, Secondary MX</a></h2>
|
|
<p>For whitelisting an IP Address from the SPF test, you can create a config file (see <a href="https://www.linuxcertif.com/man/5/policyd-spf.conf"><code>policyd-spf.conf</code></a>) and mount that file into <code>/etc/postfix-policyd-spf-python/policyd-spf.conf</code>.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
|
|
<p>Create and edit a <code>policyd-spf.conf</code> file at <code>docker-data/dms/config/postfix-policyd-spf.conf</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="na">debugLevel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">1</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">#0(only errors)-4(complete data received)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="na">skip_addresses</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">127.0.0.0/8,::ffff:127.0.0.0/104,::1</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Preferably use IP-Addresses for whitelist lookups:</span>
|
|
<span class="na">Whitelist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">192.168.0.0/31,192.168.1.0/30</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Domain_Whitelist = mx1.not-example.com,mx2.not-example.com</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Then add this line to <code>docker-compose.yml</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">./docker-data/dms/config/postfix-policyd-spf.conf:/etc/postfix-policyd-spf-python/policyd-spf.conf</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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