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Network Working Group A. Melnikov
Request for Comments: 4466 Isode Ltd.
Updates: 2088, 2342, 3501, 3502, 3516 C. Daboo
Category: Standards Track April 2006
Collected Extensions to IMAP4 ABNF
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
Over the years, many documents from IMAPEXT and LEMONADE working
groups, as well as many individual documents, have added syntactic
extensions to many base IMAP commands described in RFC 3501. For
ease of reference, this document collects most of such ABNF changes
in one place.
This document also suggests a set of standard patterns for adding
options and extensions to several existing IMAP commands defined in
RFC 3501. The patterns provide for compatibility between existing
and future extensions.
This document updates ABNF in RFCs 2088, 2342, 3501, 3502, and 3516.
It also includes part of the errata to RFC 3501. This document
doesn't specify any semantic changes to the listed RFCs.
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 4466 Collected Extensions to IMAP4 ABNF April 2006
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. Purpose of This Document ...................................2
1.2. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................3
2. IMAP ABNF Extensions ............................................3
2.1. Optional Parameters with the SELECT/EXAMINE Commands .......3
2.2. Extended CREATE Command ....................................4
2.3. Extended RENAME Command ....................................5
2.4. Extensions to FETCH and UID FETCH Commands .................6
2.5. Extensions to STORE and UID STORE Commands .................6
2.6. Extensions to SEARCH Command ...............................7
2.6.1. Extended SEARCH Command .............................7
2.6.2. ESEARCH untagged response ...........................8
2.7. Extensions to APPEND Command ...............................8
3. Formal Syntax ...................................................9
4. Security Considerations ........................................14
5. Normative References ...........................................15
6. Acknowledgements ...............................................15
1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose of This Document
This document serves several purposes:
1. rationalize and generalize ABNF for some existing IMAP
extensions;
2. collect the ABNF in one place in order to minimize cross
references between documents;
3. define building blocks for future extensions so that they can
be used together in a compatible way.
It is expected that a future revision of this document will be
incorporated into a revision of RFC 3501.
This document updates ABNF in RFCs 2088, 2342, 3501, 3502, and 3516.
It also includes part of the errata to RFC 3501. This document
doesn't specify any semantic changes to the listed RFCs.
The ABNF in section 6 of RFC 2342 got rewritten to conform to the
ABNF syntax as defined in RFC 4234 and to reference new non-terminals
from RFC 3501. It was also restructured to allow for better
readability. There were no changes "on the wire".
Section 2 extends ABNF for SELECT, EXAMINE, CREATE, RENAME, FETCH/UID
FETCH, STORE/UID STORE, SEARCH, and APPEND commands in a consistent
manner. Extensions to all the commands but APPEND have the same
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 2]
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structure. Extensibility for the APPEND command was done slightly
differently in order to preserve backward compatibility with existing
extensions.
Section 2 also defines a new ESEARCH response, whose purpose is to
define a better version of the SEARCH response defined in RFC 3501.
Section 3 defines the collected ABNF that replaces pieces of ABNF in
the aforementioned RFCs. The collected ABNF got generalized to allow
for easier future extensibility.
1.2. Conventions Used in This Document
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server, respectively.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as defined in "Key words for
use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS].
2. IMAP ABNF Extensions
This section is not normative. It provides some background on the
intended use of different extensions and it gives some guidance about
how future extensions should extend the described commands.
2.1. Optional Parameters with the SELECT/EXAMINE Commands
This document adds the ability to include one or more parameters with
the IMAP SELECT (section 6.3.1 of [IMAP4]) or EXAMINE (section 6.3.2
of [IMAP4]) commands, to turn on or off certain standard behaviors,
or to add new optional behaviors required for a particular extension.
There are two possible modes of operation:
o A global state change where a single use of the optional parameter
will affect the session state from that time on, irrespective of
subsequent SELECT/EXAMINE commands.
o A per-mailbox state change that will affect the session only for
the duration of the new selected state. A subsequent
SELECT/EXAMINE without the optional parameter will cancel its
effect for the newly selected mailbox.
Optional parameters to the SELECT or EXAMINE commands are added as a
parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs, and appear after the
mailbox name in the standard SELECT or EXAMINE command. The order of
individual parameters is arbitrary. A parameter value is optional
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 3]
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and may consist of atoms, strings, or lists in a specific order. If
the parameter value is present, it always appears in parentheses (*).
Any parameter not defined by extensions that the server supports must
be rejected with a BAD response.
Example:
C: a SELECT INBOX (ANNOTATE)
S: ...
S: a OK SELECT complete
In the above example, a single parameter is used with the SELECT
command.
Example:
C: a EXAMINE INBOX (ANNOTATE RESPONSES ("UID Responses")
CONDSTORE)
S: ...
S: a OK EXAMINE complete
In the above example, three parameters are used with the EXAMINE
command. The second parameter consists of two items: an atom
"RESPONSES" followed by a quoted string.
Example:
C: a SELECT INBOX (BLURDYBLOOP)
S: a BAD Unknown parameter in SELECT command
In the above example, a parameter not supported by the server is
used. This results in the BAD response from the server.
(*) - if a parameter has a mandatory value, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the parameter value does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
2.2. Extended CREATE Command
Arguments: mailbox name
OPTIONAL list of CREATE parameters
Responses: no specific responses for this command
Result: OK - create completed
NO - create failure: cannot create mailbox with
that name
BAD - argument(s) invalid
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 4]
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This document adds the ability to include one or more parameters with
the IMAP CREATE command (see section 6.3.3 of [IMAP4]), to turn on or
off certain standard behaviors, or to add new optional behaviors
required for a particular extension. No CREATE parameters are
defined in this document.
Optional parameters to the CREATE command are added as a
parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs after the mailbox name.
The order of individual parameters is arbitrary. A parameter value
is optional and may consist of atoms, strings, or lists in a specific
order. If the parameter value is present, it always appears in
parentheses (*). Any parameter not defined by extensions that the
server supports must be rejected with a BAD response.
(*) - if a parameter has a mandatory value, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the parameter value does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
2.3. Extended RENAME Command
Arguments: existing mailbox name
new mailbox name
OPTIONAL list of RENAME parameters
Responses: no specific responses for this command
Result: OK - rename completed
NO - rename failure: cannot rename mailbox with
that name, cannot rename to mailbox with
that name, etc.
BAD - argument(s) invalid
This document adds the ability to include one or more parameters with
the IMAP RENAME command (see section 6.3.5 of [IMAP4]), to turn on or
off certain standard behaviors, or to add new optional behaviors
required for a particular extension. No RENAME parameters are
defined in this document.
Optional parameters to the RENAME command are added as a
parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs after the new mailbox
name. The order of individual parameters is arbitrary. A parameter
value is optional and may consist of atoms, strings, or lists in a
specific order. If the parameter value is present, it always appears
in parentheses (*). Any parameter not defined by extensions that the
server supports must be rejected with a BAD response.
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(*) - if a parameter has a mandatory value, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the parameter value does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
2.4. Extensions to FETCH and UID FETCH Commands
Arguments: sequence set
message data item names or macro
OPTIONAL fetch modifiers
Responses: untagged responses: FETCH
Result: OK - fetch completed
NO - fetch error: cannot fetch that data
BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid
This document extends the syntax of the FETCH and UID FETCH commands
(see section 6.4.5 of [IMAP4]) to include optional FETCH modifiers.
No fetch modifiers are defined in this document.
The order of individual modifiers is arbitrary. Each modifier is an
attribute/value pair. A modifier value is optional and may consist
of atoms and/or strings and/or lists in a specific order. If the
modifier value is present, it always appears in parentheses (*). Any
modifiers not defined by extensions that the server supports must be
rejected with a BAD response.
(*) - if a modifier has a mandatory value, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the modifier value does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
2.5. Extensions to STORE and UID STORE Commands
Arguments: message set
OPTIONAL store modifiers
message data item name
value for message data item
Responses: untagged responses: FETCH
Result: OK - store completed
NO - store error: cannot store that data
BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid
This document extends the syntax of the STORE and UID STORE commands
(see section 6.4.6 of [IMAP4]) to include optional STORE modifiers.
No store modifiers are defined in this document.
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The order of individual modifiers is arbitrary. Each modifier is an
attribute/value pair. A modifier value is optional and may consist
of atoms and/or strings and/or lists in a specific order. If the
modifier value is present, it always appears in parentheses (*). Any
modifiers not defined by extensions that the server supports must be
rejected with a BAD response.
(*) - if a modifier has a mandatory value, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the modifier value does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
2.6. Extensions to SEARCH Command
2.6.1. Extended SEARCH Command
Arguments: OPTIONAL result specifier
OPTIONAL [CHARSET] specification
searching criteria (one or more)
Responses: REQUIRED untagged response: SEARCH (*)
Result: OK - search completed
NO - search error: cannot search that [CHARSET] or
criteria
BAD - command unknown or arguments invalid
This section updates definition of the SEARCH command described in
section 6.4.4 of [IMAP4].
The SEARCH command is extended to allow for result options. This
document does not define any result options.
The order of individual options is arbitrary. Individual options may
contain parameters enclosed in parentheses (**). If an option has
parameters, they consist of atoms and/or strings and/or lists in a
specific order. Any options not defined by extensions that the
server supports must be rejected with a BAD response.
(*) - An extension to the SEARCH command may require another untagged
response, or no untagged response to be returned. Section 2.6.2
defines a new ESEARCH untagged response that replaces the SEARCH
untagged response. Note that for a given extended SEARCH command the
SEARCH and ESEARCH responses SHOULD be mutually exclusive, i.e., only
one of them should be returned.
(**) - if an option has a mandatory parameter, which can always be
represented as a number or a sequence-set, the option parameter does
not need the enclosing (). See ABNF for more details.
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 7]
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2.6.2. ESEARCH untagged response
Contents: one or more search-return-data pairs
The ESEARCH response SHOULD be sent as a result of an extended SEARCH
or UID SEARCH command specified in section 2.6.1.
The ESEARCH response starts with an optional search correlator. If
it is missing, then the response was not caused by a particular IMAP
command, whereas if it is present, it contains the tag of the command
that caused the response to be returned.
The search correlator is followed by an optional UID indicator. If
this indicator is present, all data in the ESEARCH response refers to
UIDs, otherwise all returned data refers to message numbers.
The rest of the ESEARCH response contains one or more search data
pairs. Each pair starts with unique return item name, followed by a
space and the corresponding data. Search data pairs may be returned
in any order. Unless specified otherwise by an extension, any return
item name SHOULD appear only once in an ESEARCH response.
Example: S: * ESEARCH UID COUNT 5 ALL 4:19,21,28
Example: S: * ESEARCH (TAG "a567") UID COUNT 5 ALL 4:19,21,28
Example: S: * ESEARCH COUNT 5 ALL 1:17,21
2.7. Extensions to APPEND Command
The IMAP BINARY extension [BINARY] extends the APPEND command to
allow a client to append data containing NULs by using the <literal8>
syntax. The ABNF was rewritten to allow for easier extensibility by
IMAP extensions. This document hasn't specified any semantical
changes to the [BINARY] extension.
In addition, the non-terminal "literal8" defined in [BINARY] got
extended to allow for non-synchronizing literals if both [BINARY] and
[LITERAL+] extensions are supported by the server.
The IMAP MULTIAPPEND extension [MULTIAPPEND] extends the APPEND
command to allow a client to append multiple messages atomically.
This document defines a common syntax for the APPEND command that
takes into consideration syntactic extensions defined by both
[BINARY] and [MULTIAPPEND] extensions.
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 8]
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3. Formal Syntax
The following syntax specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur
Form (ABNF) notation as specified in [ABNF].
Non-terminals referenced but not defined below are as defined by
[IMAP4].
Except as noted otherwise, all alphabetic characters are case-
insensitive. The use of uppercase or lowercase characters to define
token strings is for editorial clarity only. Implementations MUST
accept these strings in a case-insensitive fashion.
append = "APPEND" SP mailbox 1*append-message
;; only a single append-message may appear
;; if MULTIAPPEND [MULTIAPPEND] capability
;; is not present
append-message = append-opts SP append-data
append-ext = append-ext-name SP append-ext-value
;; This non-terminal define extensions to
;; to message metadata.
append-ext-name = tagged-ext-label
append-ext-value= tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
append-data = literal / literal8 / append-data-ext
append-data-ext = tagged-ext
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions,
;; i.e., a mandatory label followed
;; by parameters.
append-opts = [SP flag-list] [SP date-time] *(SP append-ext)
;; message metadata
charset = atom / quoted
;; Exact syntax is defined in [CHARSET].
create = "CREATE" SP mailbox
[create-params]
;; Use of INBOX gives a NO error.
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create-params = SP "(" create-param *( SP create-param) ")"
create-param-name = tagged-ext-label
create-param = create-param-name [SP create-param-value]
create-param-value= tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
esearch-response = "ESEARCH" [search-correlator] [SP "UID"]
*(SP search-return-data)
;; Note that SEARCH and ESEARCH responses
;; SHOULD be mutually exclusive,
;; i.e., only one of the response types
;; should be
;; returned as a result of a command.
examine = "EXAMINE" SP mailbox [select-params]
;; modifies the original IMAP EXAMINE command
;; to accept optional parameters
fetch = "FETCH" SP sequence-set SP ("ALL" / "FULL" /
"FAST" / fetch-att /
"(" fetch-att *(SP fetch-att) ")")
[fetch-modifiers]
;; modifies the original IMAP4 FETCH command to
;; accept optional modifiers
fetch-modifiers = SP "(" fetch-modifier *(SP fetch-modifier) ")"
fetch-modifier = fetch-modifier-name [ SP fetch-modif-params ]
fetch-modif-params = tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
fetch-modifier-name = tagged-ext-label
literal8 = "~{" number ["+"] "}" CRLF *OCTET
;; A string that might contain NULs.
;; <number> represents the number of OCTETs
;; in the response string.
;; The "+" is only allowed when both LITERAL+ and
;; BINARY extensions are supported by the server.
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mailbox-data =/ Namespace-Response /
esearch-response
Namespace = nil / "(" 1*Namespace-Descr ")"
Namespace-Command = "NAMESPACE"
Namespace-Descr = "(" string SP
(DQUOTE QUOTED-CHAR DQUOTE / nil)
*(Namespace-Response-Extension) ")"
Namespace-Response-Extension = SP string SP
"(" string *(SP string) ")"
Namespace-Response = "NAMESPACE" SP Namespace
SP Namespace SP Namespace
;; This response is currently only allowed
;; if the IMAP server supports [NAMESPACE].
;; The first Namespace is the Personal Namespace(s)
;; The second Namespace is the Other Users' Namespace(s)
;; The third Namespace is the Shared Namespace(s)
rename = "RENAME" SP mailbox SP mailbox
[rename-params]
;; Use of INBOX as a destination gives
;; a NO error, unless rename-params
;; is not empty.
rename-params = SP "(" rename-param *( SP rename-param) ")"
rename-param = rename-param-name [SP rename-param-value]
rename-param-name = tagged-ext-label
rename-param-value= tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
response-data = "*" SP response-payload CRLF
response-payload= resp-cond-state / resp-cond-bye /
mailbox-data / message-data / capability-data
search = "SEARCH" [search-return-opts]
SP search-program
search-correlator = SP "(" "TAG" SP tag-string ")"
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search-program = ["CHARSET" SP charset SP]
search-key *(SP search-key)
;; CHARSET argument to SEARCH MUST be
;; registered with IANA.
search-return-data = search-modifier-name SP search-return-value
;; Note that not every SEARCH return option
;; is required to have the corresponding
;; ESEARCH return data.
search-return-opts = SP "RETURN" SP "(" [search-return-opt
*(SP search-return-opt)] ")"
search-return-opt = search-modifier-name [SP search-mod-params]
search-return-value = tagged-ext-val
;; Data for the returned search option.
;; A single "nz-number"/"number" value
;; can be returned as an atom (i.e., without
;; quoting). A sequence-set can be returned
;; as an atom as well.
search-modifier-name = tagged-ext-label
search-mod-params = tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
select = "SELECT" SP mailbox [select-params]
;; modifies the original IMAP SELECT command to
;; accept optional parameters
select-params = SP "(" select-param *(SP select-param) ")"
select-param = select-param-name [SP select-param-value]
;; a parameter to SELECT may contain one or
;; more atoms and/or strings and/or lists.
select-param-name= tagged-ext-label
select-param-value= tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
status-att-list = status-att-val *(SP status-att-val)
;; Redefines status-att-list from RFC 3501.
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 12]
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;; status-att-val is defined in RFC 3501 errata
status-att-val = ("MESSAGES" SP number) /
("RECENT" SP number) /
("UIDNEXT" SP nz-number) /
("UIDVALIDITY" SP nz-number) /
("UNSEEN" SP number)
;; Extensions to the STATUS responses
;; should extend this production.
;; Extensions should use the generic
;; syntax defined by tagged-ext.
store = "STORE" SP sequence-set [store-modifiers]
SP store-att-flags
;; extend [IMAP4] STORE command syntax
;; to allow for optional store-modifiers
store-modifiers = SP "(" store-modifier *(SP store-modifier)
")"
store-modifier = store-modifier-name [SP store-modif-params]
store-modif-params = tagged-ext-val
;; This non-terminal shows recommended syntax
;; for future extensions.
store-modifier-name = tagged-ext-label
tag-string = string
;; tag of the command that caused
;; the ESEARCH response, sent as
;; a string.
tagged-ext = tagged-ext-label SP tagged-ext-val
;; recommended overarching syntax for
;; extensions
tagged-ext-label = tagged-label-fchar *tagged-label-char
;; Is a valid RFC 3501 "atom".
tagged-label-fchar = ALPHA / "-" / "_" / "."
tagged-label-char = tagged-label-fchar / DIGIT / ":"
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tagged-ext-comp = astring /
tagged-ext-comp *(SP tagged-ext-comp) /
"(" tagged-ext-comp ")"
;; Extensions that follow this general
;; syntax should use nstring instead of
;; astring when appropriate in the context
;; of the extension.
;; Note that a message set or a "number"
;; can always be represented as an "atom".
;; An URL should be represented as
;; a "quoted" string.
tagged-ext-simple = sequence-set / number
tagged-ext-val = tagged-ext-simple /
"(" [tagged-ext-comp] ")"
4. Security Considerations
This document updates ABNF in RFCs 2088, 2342, 3501, 3502, and 3516.
The updated documents must be consulted for security considerations
for the extensions that they define.
As a protocol gets more complex, parser bugs become more common
including buffer overflow, denial of service, and other common
security coding errors. To the extent that this document makes the
parser more complex, it makes this situation worse. To the extent
that this document makes the parser more consistent and thus simpler,
the situation is improved. The impact will depend on how many
deployed IMAP extensions are consistent with this document.
Implementers are encouraged to take care of these issues when
extending existing implementations. Future IMAP extensions should
strive for consistency and simplicity to the greatest extent
possible.
Extensions to IMAP commands that are permitted in NOT AUTHENTICATED
state are more sensitive to these security issues due to the larger
possible attacker community prior to authentication, and the fact
that some IMAP servers run with elevated privileges in that state.
This document does not extend any commands permitted in NOT
AUTHENTICATED state. Future IMAP extensions to commands permitted in
NOT AUTHENTICATED state should favor simplicity over consistency or
extensibility.
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5. Normative References
[KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[IMAP4] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL -
VERSION 4rev1", RFC 3501, March 2003.
[ABNF] Crocker, D., Ed., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.
[CHARSET] Freed, N. and J. Postel, "IANA Charset Registration
Procedures", BCP 19, RFC 2978, October 2000.
[MULTIAPPEND] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) -
MULTIAPPEND Extension", RFC 3502, March 2003.
[NAMESPACE] Gahrns, M. and C. Newman, "IMAP4 Namespace", RFC 2342,
May 1998.
[LITERAL+] Myers, J., "IMAP4 non-synchronizing literals", RFC
2088, January 1997.
[BINARY] Nerenberg, L., "IMAP4 Binary Content Extension", RFC
3516, April 2003.
6. Acknowledgements
This documents is based on ideas proposed by Pete Resnick, Mark
Crispin, Ken Murchison, Philip Guenther, Randall Gellens, and Lyndon
Nerenberg.
However, all errors and omissions must be attributed to the authors
of the document.
Thanks to Philip Guenther, Dave Cridland, Mark Crispin, Chris Newman,
Elwyn Davies, and Barry Leiba for comments and corrections.
literal8 syntax was taken from RFC 3516.
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 15]
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Authors' Addresses
Alexey Melnikov
Isode Limited
5 Castle Business Village
36 Station Road
Hampton, Middlesex, TW12 2BX
UK
EMail: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com
Cyrus Daboo
EMail: cyrus@daboo.name
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Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
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this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
Melnikov & Daboo Standards Track [Page 17]
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